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            <h2 class="toc-title">目录</h2>
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        </div><article class="page single"><h1 class="single-title animate__animated animate__flipInX">学生成绩管理系统</h1><div class="post-meta">
            <div class="post-meta-line"><span class="post-author"><a href="/" title="Author" rel="author" class="author"><i class="fas fa-user-circle fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i>MC</a></span>&nbsp;<span class="post-category">收录于 <a href="/categories/c%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80/"><i class="far fa-folder fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i>C语言</a></span></div>
            <div class="post-meta-line"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;<time datetime="2017-05-31">2017-05-31</time>&nbsp;<i class="fas fa-pencil-alt fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;约 5377 字&nbsp;
                <i class="far fa-clock fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;预计阅读 11 分钟&nbsp;<span id="/%E5%AD%A6%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E7%BB%A9%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F/" class="leancloud_visitors" data-flag-title="学生成绩管理系统">
                        <i class="far fa-eye fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;<span class=leancloud-visitors-count></span>&nbsp;次阅读
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        </div><div class="details toc" id="toc-static"  data-kept="">
                <div class="details-summary toc-title">
                    <span>目录</span>
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                <div class="details-content toc-content" id="toc-content-static"><nav id="TableOfContents">
  <ul>
    <li><a href="#1-一些小技巧">1. 一些小技巧</a>
      <ul>
        <li><a href="#11-刷新缓冲区">1.1 刷新缓冲区</a></li>
        <li><a href="#12-一些system的函数">1.2 一些system的函数</a></li>
        <li><a href="#13-分文件写">1.3 分文件写</a></li>
      </ul>
    </li>
    <li><a href="#第二个功能显示所有学生的信息">第二个功能：显示所有学生的信息</a></li>
    <li><a href="#第三个功能查看某个学生的信息">第三个功能：查看某个学生的信息</a></li>
    <li><a href="#第四个功能删除学生的信息">第四个功能：删除学生的信息</a></li>
    <li><a href="#第五个功能改变学生的信息">第五个功能：改变学生的信息</a></li>
    <li><a href="#第六个功能插入">第六个功能：插入</a></li>
    <li><a href="#第七个功能排序">第七个功能：排序</a></li>
    <li><a href="#下面是一个简单的main函数">下面是一个简单的main函数</a></li>
    <li><a href="#总结">总结</a></li>
  </ul>
</nav></div>
            </div><div class="content" id="content"><h1 id="一个简单的学生管理系统">一个简单的学生管理系统</h1>
<h2 id="1-一些小技巧">1. 一些小技巧</h2>
<p>在这之前需要一些小技巧~</p>
<h3 id="11-刷新缓冲区">1.1 刷新缓冲区</h3>
<p>刷新缓冲区有三种方式</p>
<ol>
<li>利用<code>getchar()</code>刷新
<code>getchar</code>可以刷新缓冲区的一个字符。例如，之前经常会出现的莫名其妙的错误。</li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
<table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt"> 1
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<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-c" data-lang="c"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf">&lt;stdio.h&gt;</span><span class="cp">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="cp"></span><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="kt">char</span> <span class="n">ch</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">a</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">scanf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;%d&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">scanf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;%c&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">ch</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;%d %c</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ch</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>当输入一个数字，再按回车时会出问题。
如下：
<img
        class="lazyload"
        src="/svg/loading.min.svg"
        data-src="https://img-blog.csdn.net/20170531202940692?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvc3RhcmV4cGxvZGU=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/SouthEast"
        data-srcset="https://img-blog.csdn.net/20170531202940692?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvc3RhcmV4cGxvZGU=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/SouthEast, https://img-blog.csdn.net/20170531202940692?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvc3RhcmV4cGxvZGU=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/SouthEast 1.5x, https://img-blog.csdn.net/20170531202940692?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvc3RhcmV4cGxvZGU=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/SouthEast 2x"
        data-sizes="auto"
        alt="https://img-blog.csdn.net/20170531202940692?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvc3RhcmV4cGxvZGU=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/SouthEast"
        title="错误" />
如果在第一个scanf后添加一个<code>getchar()</code>就不会出现这样的错误。</p>
<ol start="2">
<li><code>getchar()</code>升级版</li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
<table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt"> 1
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</span><span class="lnt">16
</span></code></pre></td>
<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-c" data-lang="c"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kt">char</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="nf">s_gets</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">st</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="kt">char</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">ret_val</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">fgets</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">st</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">stdin</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ret_val</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="k">while</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">st</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="sc">&#39;\n&#39;</span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="n">st</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="sc">&#39;\0&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">			<span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">st</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="sc">&#39;\n&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">			<span class="n">st</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="sc">&#39;\0&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="k">else</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">			<span class="k">while</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">getchar</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="sc">&#39;\n&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">				<span class="k">continue</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">ret_val</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>上述的函数时C Primer Plus中的一个函数，他的作用时限制输入的长度，并将缓冲区中多余的字符清除掉。这个函数的核心如下：</p>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
<table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1
</span><span class="lnt">2
</span></code></pre></td>
<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-c" data-lang="c"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">while</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">getchar</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="sc">&#39;\n&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="k">continue</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>利用循环的<code>getchar()</code>将多余的字符清除掉，以免影响后续操作。</p>
<ol start="3">
<li>利用fflush()函数。
参数是：stdin、stdout。
stdin: 标准输入。
stdout: 标准输出。
stderr: 标准错误。</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="12-一些system的函数">1.2 一些system的函数</h3>
<ol>
<li><code>system(&quot;cls&quot;)</code>清屏函数</li>
<li><code>system(&quot;title 成绩管理系统&quot;)</code>
将窗口的标题设置为“成绩管理系统”</li>
<li><code>system(&quot;color xx&quot;)</code>
颜色属性由两个十六进制数字指定 &ndash; 第一个为背景，第二个则为前景。每个数字可以为以下任何值之一:
0 = 黑色       8 = 灰色
1 = 蓝色       9 = 淡蓝色
2 = 绿色       A = 淡绿色
3 = 湖蓝色     B = 淡浅绿色
4 = 红色       C = 淡红色
5 = 紫色       D = 淡紫色
6 = 黄色       E = 淡黄色
7 = 白色       F = 亮白色</li>
<li><code>system(&quot;mode con cols=90 lines=30&quot;);</code>
设置窗口的高度和宽度，如上，设置窗口90列，30行。</li>
<li><code>system(&quot;pasue&quot;);</code></li>
</ol>
<h3 id="13-分文件写">1.3 分文件写</h3>
<p>可以些一个或多个的头文件
这样做可以利用修改。
##这个系统实现的一些功能，即菜单函数。
与学生成绩相关的无非是增、删、该、查，可以额外的使用到文件和排序等增加一些实用性。</p>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-c" data-lang="c"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">menu</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="se">\n\n\n\n\n\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="se">\t\t\t\t</span><span class="s">---------------欢迎来到成绩管理系统-----------------</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="se">\t\t\t\t</span><span class="s">a):查看所有学生的信息。</span><span class="se">\t\t</span><span class="s">b):添加学生的信息。</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="se">\t\t\t\t</span><span class="s">c):查看某个学生的信息。</span><span class="se">\t\t</span><span class="s">d):删除学生的信息。</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="se">\t\t\t\t</span><span class="s">f):指定位置插入。</span><span class="se">\t\t</span><span class="s">g):更改学生信息。</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="se">\t\t\t\t</span><span class="s">h):删除所有的数据。</span><span class="se">\t\t</span><span class="s">i):统计学生人数.</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="se">\t\t\t\t</span><span class="s">s):保存</span><span class="se">\t\t\t\t</span><span class="s">q):退出。</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span> 
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>程序的主体是用一个链表完成的，所以刚开始时，应该将之前存在文件中的数据读入链表。
##建立链表需要的一些声明</p>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
<table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt"> 1
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-c" data-lang="c"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">typedef</span> <span class="k">struct</span> <span class="n">student</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="kt">char</span> <span class="n">num</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">TSIZE</span><span class="p">];</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="kt">char</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">TSIZE</span><span class="p">];</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="kt">float</span> <span class="n">math</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="kt">float</span> <span class="n">English</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="kt">float</span> <span class="n">Chinese</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="kt">float</span> <span class="n">sum</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="kt">float</span> <span class="n">average</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span><span class="n">Item</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="k">typedef</span> <span class="k">struct</span> <span class="n">node</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="n">Item</span> <span class="n">item</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="k">struct</span> <span class="n">node</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span> <span class="n">Node</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>将链表的数据域设置为一个结构体有利于后续的操作。
从上述代码中可以看出，我设置的学生信息有：学号、姓名、数学、英语和语文成绩。</p>
<p>##程序开始的第一步，将数据读入链表</p>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
<table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt"> 1
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-c" data-lang="c"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">CreatList</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">plist</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="kt">char</span> <span class="n">str</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">];</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">Item</span> <span class="n">temp</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">FILE</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">fp</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">fp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">fopen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;学生成绩单.txt&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&#34;r&#34;</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">){</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="nf">fprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&#34;不能打开“学生成绩单”文件。</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="nf">exit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">EXIT_FAILURE</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">InitializeList</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">plist</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">while</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">fscanf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&#34;%s %s %f %f %f %f %f&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">temp</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">temp</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">temp</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">math</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">temp</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">English</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">temp</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Chinese</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">temp</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sum</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">temp</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">average</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="nf">AddItem</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">temp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">plist</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">fclose</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fp</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>尽量不要实用feof()，处理不恰当时可能会多判断一步。
<code>AddItem()</code>函数的代码如下：</p>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-c" data-lang="c"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kt">bool</span> <span class="nf">AddItem</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Item</span> <span class="n">item</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">List</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">plist</span><span class="p">){</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="n">Node</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">pnew</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="n">Node</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">scan</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">plist</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="n">pnew</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Node</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nf">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Node</span><span class="p">));</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pnew</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="nf">CopyToNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">pnew</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="n">pnew</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">next</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">scan</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="o">*</span><span class="n">plist</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pnew</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="k">while</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">scan</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">next</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">			<span class="n">scan</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">scan</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="n">scan</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">next</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pnew</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>这样可以方便添加学生。
##第一个功能添加学生
添加学生这是一种默认的方式，将学生添加在链表的末尾。</p>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-c" data-lang="c"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">Addstudent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">plist</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">Item</span> <span class="n">temp</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;请输入学生的姓名(按回车键结束）：&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">while</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">scanf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;%s&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">temp</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="n">EOF</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="n">temp</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="sc">&#39;q&#39;</span><span class="p">){</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;请输入学生的学号：&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="nf">scanf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;%s&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">temp</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;请输入学生的数学成绩：&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="nf">scanf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;%f&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">temp</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">math</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;英语成绩：&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="nf">scanf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;%f&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">temp</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">English</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;语文成绩：&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="nf">scanf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;%f&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">temp</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Chinese</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">temp</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sum</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">temp</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">math</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">temp</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">English</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">temp</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Chinese</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">temp</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">average</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">temp</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sum</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="nf">AddItem</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">temp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">plist</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;请输入学生的姓名(按q键结束）：&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>最好不要每次只能添加一个，这样要每次调用添加命令，显得很麻烦。</p>
<h2 id="第二个功能显示所有学生的信息">第二个功能：显示所有学生的信息</h2>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span class="line"><span class="cl">void print(List * plist){
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    if(ListIsEmpty( plist )){
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        fprintf(stderr, &#34;没有数据！！！\n&#34;);
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        return ;
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    }
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    printf(&#34;学号\t\t姓名\t数学\t英语\t语文\t总成绩\t平均\n&#34;);
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	Node * p = *plist;
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	while(p != NULL)
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	{
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		printf(&#34;%-12s\t%s\t%.2f\t%.2f\t%.2f\t%.2f\t%.2f\n&#34;,p-&gt;item.num,
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            p-&gt;item.name, p-&gt;item.math,p-&gt;item.English, p-&gt;item.Chinese, p-&gt;item.sum, p-&gt;item.average);
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		p = p-&gt;next;
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	 }
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">}
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>整个程序都要注意的要点是一点要注意一些特殊情况。
这个程序的要点是一定要将信息对其。</p>
<h2 id="第三个功能查看某个学生的信息">第三个功能：查看某个学生的信息</h2>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-c" data-lang="c"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kt">bool</span> <span class="nf">cha</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">plist</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="kt">char</span> <span class="n">ch</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="kt">char</span> <span class="n">num</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">TSIZE</span><span class="p">];</span> 
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;请输入你想查看的学生的学号：&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="nf">scanf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;%s&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">ListIsEmpty</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">plist</span><span class="p">)){</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;没有数据，无法查看!!</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="n">Node</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">plist</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="k">while</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">next</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="nf">strcmp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)){</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">strcmp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">next</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">){</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="nf">fprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&#34;没有找到持学生的信息&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;m):数学</span><span class="se">\t</span><span class="s">e):英语</span><span class="se">\t</span><span class="s">c):语文</span><span class="se">\t</span><span class="s">q):退出</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span> 
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="nf">getchar</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="k">while</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">){</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;请书输入你想查找的科目：&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="nf">fflush</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stdin</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="n">ch</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">getchar</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="k">while</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">getchar</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="sc">&#39;\n&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">			<span class="k">continue</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="k">switch</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ch</span><span class="p">){</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">			<span class="k">case</span> <span class="sc">&#39;m&#39;</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">				<span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;%s的数学成绩是：%.2lf</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">math</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">				<span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">			<span class="k">case</span> <span class="sc">&#39;e&#39;</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">				<span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;%s的英语成绩是：%.2lf</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">English</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">				<span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">			<span class="k">case</span> <span class="sc">&#39;c&#39;</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">				<span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;%s的语文成绩是：%.2lf</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Chinese</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">				<span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">			<span class="k">case</span> <span class="sc">&#39;q&#39;</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">				<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">true</span><span class="p">;</span> 
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">			 <span class="k">default</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">				<span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;请输入正确的指令！！</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span> 
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span> 
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h2 id="第四个功能删除学生的信息">第四个功能：删除学生的信息</h2>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
<table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd">
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<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span class="line"><span class="cl">bool ListDelete(List * plist, char num[])
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">{
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    Node * p, * q;
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    p = *plist;
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    if(ListIsEmpty(plist)){
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        fprintf(stderr, &#34;没有数据，无法删除!!\n&#34;);
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        return false;
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    }
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    if(strcmp(p-&gt;item.num, num) == 0){
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        *plist = p-&gt;next;
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        return true;
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    }
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    else{
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        while(p){
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            if(strcmp(p-&gt;item.num, num) == 0){
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                q-&gt;next = p-&gt;next;
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                free(p);
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                return true;
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            }
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            q = p;
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            p = p-&gt;next;
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        }
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    }
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    return false;
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">}
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>这个函数的功能是删除学生的信息，它的方式是传递一个学生的学号，然后按照学号删除。当然你也可以在这个函数里输入学生的学号。
能删除学生的信息，那么就能改变学生的信息。</p>
<h2 id="第五个功能改变学生的信息">第五个功能：改变学生的信息</h2>
<p>改变学生的信息有两种思路，全改或者部分改。</p>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
<table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd">
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<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-c" data-lang="c"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kt">bool</span> <span class="nf">gai</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">plist</span><span class="p">){</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="kt">char</span> <span class="n">ch</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="kt">char</span> <span class="n">num</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">TSIZE</span><span class="p">];</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;请输入你想改的学生的学号：&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="nf">scanf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;%s&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">ListIsEmpty</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">plist</span><span class="p">))</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="n">Node</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">plist</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="k">while</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">next</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="nf">strcmp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">){</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">strcmp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">next</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">){</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;是否讲一个学生的信息完全改变（Y:是 N:否）:&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="nf">fflush</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stdin</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="n">ch</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">getchar</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="k">while</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">getchar</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="sc">&#39;\n&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">			<span class="k">continue</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ch</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="sc">&#39;Y&#39;</span><span class="p">){</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;请输入学生的姓名：&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="nf">scanf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;%s&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;请输入学生的学号：&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="nf">scanf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;%s&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;请输入学生的数学成绩：&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="nf">scanf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;%f&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">math</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;英语成绩：&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="nf">scanf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;%f&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">English</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;语文成绩：&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="nf">scanf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;%f&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Chinese</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sum</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">math</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">English</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Chinese</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">average</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sum</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="kt">char</span> <span class="n">ch2</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;请输入你想更改的科目：</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">a):数学</span><span class="se">\t</span><span class="s">b):英语</span><span class="se">\t</span><span class="s">c):语文</span><span class="se">\t\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;d):学号</span><span class="se">\t</span><span class="s">f):姓名</span><span class="se">\t</span><span class="s">q):退出</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="k">while</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">){</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">			<span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;请选择：&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">			<span class="nf">fflush</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stdin</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">			<span class="n">ch2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">getchar</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">			<span class="k">while</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">getchar</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="sc">&#39;\n&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">				<span class="k">continue</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">			<span class="k">switch</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ch2</span><span class="p">){</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">				<span class="k">case</span> <span class="sc">&#39;a&#39;</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">					<span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;请输入学生的数学成绩：&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">					<span class="nf">scanf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;%f&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">math</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">					<span class="nf">getchar</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">					<span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">				<span class="k">case</span> <span class="sc">&#39;b&#39;</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">					<span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;请输入学生的英语成绩：&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">					<span class="nf">scanf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;%f&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">English</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">					<span class="nf">getchar</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">					<span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">				<span class="k">case</span> <span class="sc">&#39;c&#39;</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">					<span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;请输入学生的语文成绩：&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">					<span class="nf">scanf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;%f&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Chinese</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">					<span class="nf">getchar</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">					<span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">				<span class="k">case</span> <span class="sc">&#39;d&#39;</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">					<span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;请输入学生的学号：&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span> 
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">					<span class="nf">scanf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;%s&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">					<span class="nf">getchar</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">					<span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">				<span class="k">case</span><span class="sc">&#39;f&#39;</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">					<span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;请输入学生的名字：&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span> 
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">					<span class="nf">scanf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;%s&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">					<span class="nf">getchar</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">					<span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">				<span class="k">case</span> <span class="sc">&#39;q&#39;</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">					<span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sum</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">math</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">English</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Chinese</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        			<span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">average</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sum</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        			<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">				<span class="k">default</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">					<span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;请输入有效的命令！！</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">			<span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="p">}</span> 
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h2 id="第六个功能插入">第六个功能：插入</h2>
<p>既然是插入，那么每个位置都要能插。当插在某个学生的后面时，第一个位置就插不到。那个就需要选择。当然当没有任何学生信息时，还要询问是否插在最开始。</p>
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<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-c" data-lang="c"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kt">bool</span> <span class="nf">ListInsert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">plist</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="n">Node</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">q</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">plist</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="kt">char</span> <span class="n">ch</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="n">Node</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="k">struct</span> <span class="n">node</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nf">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">struct</span> <span class="n">node</span><span class="p">));</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">ListIsEmpty</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">plist</span><span class="p">)){</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;没有数据，只能插在最开始。</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">是否插在最开始？（Y:是 N:退出）</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="kt">char</span> <span class="n">ch_1</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="nf">fflush</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stdin</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="n">ch_1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">getchar</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="k">while</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">getchar</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="sc">&#39;\n&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">			<span class="k">continue</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ch_1</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="sc">&#39;Y&#39;</span><span class="p">){</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">			<span class="n">ch</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="sc">&#39;Y&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="k">else</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">			<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="p">}</span> 
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;请问是否插在最开始？（Y:是 N:否）</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="nf">fflush</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stdin</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="n">ch</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">getchar</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="k">while</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">getchar</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="sc">&#39;\n&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">			<span class="k">continue</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ch</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="sc">&#39;Y&#39;</span><span class="p">){</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="o">*</span><span class="n">plist</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">next</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">q</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="k">else</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="kt">char</span> <span class="n">num</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">TSIZE</span><span class="p">];</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="n">List</span> <span class="n">r</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;请输入插入后学生之前的那一个学生的学号：&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="nf">scanf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;%s&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="k">while</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">q</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="nf">strcmp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">q</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">){</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">			<span class="n">q</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">q</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">q</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">			<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">q</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">next</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">){</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">			<span class="n">q</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">next</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">			<span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">next</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="p">}</span>	
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="k">else</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">			<span class="n">r</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">q</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">			<span class="n">q</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">next</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">			<span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">next</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">r</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">		<span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;请输入学生的姓名：&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="nf">scanf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;%s&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;请输入学生的学号：&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">scanf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;%s&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;请输入学生的数学成绩：&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">scanf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;%f&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">math</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;英语成绩：&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">scanf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;%f&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">English</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;语文成绩：&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">scanf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;%f&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Chinese</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sum</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">math</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">English</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Chinese</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">average</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sum</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h2 id="第七个功能排序">第七个功能：排序</h2>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
<table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd">
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<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-c" data-lang="c"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">List</span> <span class="nf">SelectSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span> <span class="n">head</span><span class="p">)</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">{</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">List</span> <span class="n">pfirst</span><span class="p">;</span>      <span class="cm">/* 排列后有序链的表头指针 */</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">List</span> <span class="n">ptail</span><span class="p">;</span>       <span class="cm">/* 排列后有序链的表尾指针 */</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">List</span> <span class="n">pminBefore</span><span class="p">;</span>  <span class="cm">/* 保留键值更小的节点的前驱节点的指针 */</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">List</span> <span class="n">pmin</span><span class="p">;</span>        <span class="cm">/* 存储最小节点   */</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">List</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="p">;</span>           <span class="cm">/* 当前比较的节点 */</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">head</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">){</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    	<span class="nf">fprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&#34;没有数据。</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    	<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">head</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">head</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">next</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">){</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    	<span class="nf">fprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&#34;只有一组数据无法排序！！</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    	<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">head</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">	<span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">pfirst</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">while</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">head</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">)</span>         <span class="cm">/*在链表中找键值最小的节点。*/</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">{</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="cm">/* 注意：这里for语句就是体现选择排序思想的地方 */</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">for</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">head</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pmin</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">head</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">next</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="cm">/*循环遍历链表中的节点，找出此时最小的节点。*/</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">{</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">strcmp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pmin</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="cm">/*找到一个比当前min小的节点。*/</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="p">{</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="n">pminBefore</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="p">;</span>           <span class="cm">/*保存找到节点的前驱节点：显然p-&gt;next的前驱节点是p。*/</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="n">pmin</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span>     <span class="cm">/*保存键值更小的节点。*/</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="p">}</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">}</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="cm">/*上面for语句结束后，就要做两件事；一是把它放入有序链表中；二是根据相应的条件判断，安排它离开原来的链表。*/</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">      
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="cm">/*第一件事*/</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pfirst</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">)</span>     <span class="cm">/* 如果有序链表目前还是一个空链表                      */</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">{</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">pfirst</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pmin</span><span class="p">;</span>      <span class="cm">/* 第一次找到键值最小的节点。                          */</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">ptail</span>  <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pmin</span><span class="p">;</span>      <span class="cm">/* 注意：尾指针让它指向最后的一个节点。                */</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">}</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">else</span>                    <span class="cm">/* 有序链表中已经有节点                                */</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">{</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">ptail</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">next</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pmin</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="cm">/* 把刚找到的最小节点放到最后，即让尾指针的next指向它。*/</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">ptail</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pmin</span><span class="p">;</span>       <span class="cm">/* 尾指针也要指向它。                                  */</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">}</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="cm">/*第二件事*/</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pmin</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">head</span><span class="p">)</span>        <span class="cm">/* 如果找到的最小节点就是第一个节点                    */</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">{</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">head</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">head</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span>   <span class="cm">/* 显然让head指向原head-&gt;next,即第二个节点，就OK       */</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">}</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">else</span> <span class="cm">/*如果不是第一个节点*/</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">{</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="n">pminBefore</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">next</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pmin</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="cm">/*前次最小节点的next指向当前pmin的next,这样就让pmin离开了原链表。*/</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">}</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pfirst</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">)</span>     <span class="cm">/*循环结束得到有序链表first                */</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">{</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">ptail</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">next</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="cm">/*单向链表的最后一个节点的next应该指向NULL */</span>   
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">head</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pfirst</span><span class="p">;</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">head</span><span class="p">;</span>  
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>  
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>这里是一学号排序的。
还有一些其他的操作就不赘述了。</p>
<h2 id="下面是一个简单的main函数">下面是一个简单的main函数</h2>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
<table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd">
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<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-c" data-lang="c"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">List</span> <span class="n">head</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">CreatList</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">head</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">ch</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">menu</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;请选择你想选择的操作：&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="n">ch</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">getchar</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">while</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">getchar</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="sc">&#39;\n&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">			<span class="k">continue</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">while</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">){</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">switch</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ch</span><span class="p">){</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="k">case</span> <span class="sc">&#39;a&#39;</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="nf">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">head</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="k">case</span> <span class="sc">&#39;b&#39;</span> <span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> 
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="nf">Addstudent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">head</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="n">count</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="k">case</span> <span class="sc">&#39;c&#39;</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            	<span class="nf">cha</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">head</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            	<span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="k">case</span> <span class="sc">&#39;d&#39;</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="kt">char</span> <span class="n">num_1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">TSIZE</span><span class="p">];</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;请输入你想删除的学生的学号:&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="nf">scanf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;%s&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">num_1</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">ListDelete</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">head</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">num_1</span><span class="p">)){</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                    <span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;已删除。</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                    <span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;删除失败。</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="n">count</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="k">case</span> <span class="sc">&#39;f&#39;</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            	<span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">ListInsert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">head</span><span class="p">)){</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            		<span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;插入成功!!</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            		<span class="n">count</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">				<span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">				<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">					<span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;插入失败!!</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">				<span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            	<span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="k">case</span> <span class="sc">&#39;g&#39;</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            	<span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="nf">gai</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">head</span><span class="p">)){</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            		<span class="nf">fprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&#34;没有找到持学生的信息&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">				<span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            	<span class="n">count</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            	<span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="k">case</span> <span class="sc">&#39;h&#39;</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            	<span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">ch_2</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            	<span class="nf">getchar</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            	<span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;是否将所有数据都删除（Y:是 N:否）：&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            	<span class="n">ch_2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">getchar</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            	<span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ch_2</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="sc">&#39;Y&#39;</span><span class="p">){</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">					<span class="nf">EmptyTheList</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">head</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">					<span class="nf">InitializeList</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">head</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">					<span class="n">count</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">				<span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">				<span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span> 
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">			<span class="k">case</span> <span class="sc">&#39;i&#39;</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">				<span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;储存有%d个学生的成绩。</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nf">ListItemCount</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">head</span><span class="p">));</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">				<span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="k">case</span> <span class="sc">&#39;s&#39;</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            	<span class="nf">save</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">head</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="k">case</span> <span class="sc">&#39;m&#39;</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            	<span class="nf">menu</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            	<span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="k">case</span> <span class="sc">&#39;p&#39;</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            	<span class="n">head</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">SelectSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">head</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            	<span class="n">count</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            	<span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="k">case</span> <span class="sc">&#39;q&#39;</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">count</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="n">count2</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                    <span class="kt">char</span> <span class="n">ch2</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                    <span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;是否保存？(Y:是  N:否)</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                    <span class="nf">fflush</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stdin</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                    <span class="n">ch2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">getchar</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                    <span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ch2</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="sc">&#39;Y&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                        <span class="nf">save</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">head</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">                <span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">            <span class="k">default</span><span class="o">:</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">				<span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;请书如正确的指令！！</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span> 
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="se">\n\n</span><span class="s">&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="nf">fflush</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stdin</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="nf">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;请选择你想选择的操作：&#34;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="n">ch</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">getchar</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">        <span class="k">while</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">getchar</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="sc">&#39;\n&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">			<span class="k">continue</span><span class="p">;</span> 
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h2 id="总结">总结</h2>
<p>当然这个还有好多的优化，这里提供的仅仅只是一个思想，这个程序最大的缺点是缺少错误处理。
优化措施：</p>
<ol>
<li>增加错误处理，当输入学生的信息出错是提醒并重新输入。</li>
<li>学号查重。</li>
<li>美化界面等。</li>
</ol>
<p>相信优秀的你能够写出更好的程序。</p>
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